Knowledgebase
|
Basic shell commands
Posted by admin on 17 September 2009 11:32 PM
|
|
|
Basic shell commands Viewing files and moving around in shell At the command prompt, enter " ls " this will list the contents of your current directory. You should see something like this (sample contents) Code: [root@restoretmp steph]# ls file.html public_html test [root@restoretmp steph]# The contents will normally have different colors ie: Blue for folders, white for files etc.. " ls " or ( list ) has many options for example: " ls -a " in the same directory will show: Code: [root@restoretmp steph]# ls -a . .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc file.html public_html test [root@restoretmp steph]# As you can see, the " -a " option allows you to see ALL the files in the directory (including hidden) " ls -l " Will show a long format including group owner size, date modified and permissions. " ls -R " Will list the contents of all the subdirectories recursively. you can also mix the options: " ls -al " for example (long list of all including hidden) You can also view directories without actually moving into them: " ls /home/steph " from root will show Code: [root@restoretmp root]# ls /home/steph file.html public_html test [root@restoretmp root]# Moving around in shell. " cd " (change directory) is the method of moving from one directory to another: " cd /home/steph " for example would place me in the directory of steph. " cd .. " will move you back one directory " pwd " will print your current directory (useful if you need to double check where you are before typing a command) " cd " Will take you back to root Creating files and folders The touch command is useful for creating a file: " touch new-filename " would create a file named (new-filename) For directories: " mkdir new-directory " will create a directory named (new-directory) Removing files and directories: " rm filename " would remove a file in the name of (filename) " rmdir foldername " would remove a directory/folder in the name of (foldername) chmod Permissions often require changing on files and folders, the method is shown below: " chmod 755 foldername " will set a folder to 755 for example: Code: [root@restoretmp steph]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 4 05:47 file.html drw-r--r-- 2 root root 4096 May 4 05:48 public_html [root@restoretmp steph]# public-html is set at chmod 644 Type: " chmod 755 public_html " then look again using " ls -l " Code: [root@restoretmp steph]# chmod 755 public_html [root@restoretmp steph]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 4 05:47 file.html drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 4 05:48 public_html [root@restoretmp steph]# drwxr-xr-x is 755 (the "d" means it is a directory) Ownership As you can see, our file.html is owned by root, to change the ownership to yourself ( chown ): Type " chown steph:steph file.html " Code: [root@restoretmp steph]# chown steph:steph file.html [root@restoretmp steph]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 steph steph 0 May 4 05:47 file.html drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 4 05:48 public_html [root@restoretmp steph]# As you can see "steph" is now the owner (lucky me ) We will add to this as required but these are the very basic commands in shell. | |
 (569 vote(s)) Helpful Not helpful |
Comments (0)